Ebola virus disease in west africa no early end to the. Ebola virus has been found in wild animals, such as fruit bats, monkeys, chimpanzees or gorillas, in parts of central and west africa. Health experts are familiar with methods to treat and contain it. Epidemiological situation of ebola virus disease in west africa. In animal studies, a useful immune response was induced and was found to be enhanced ten to a hundredfold by the companys matrixm immunologic adjuvant. It was on a high note, with a total of 28, 616 suspected cases and some confirmed in liberia, guinea, and sierra leone in june 2016. It is occasionally transferred to humans through bodily. The outbreak of the ebola virus disease in west africa is unprecedented in its scale, severity, and complexity. Ebola virus disease evd in west africa was first reported during early march 2014 in guineas 3 southeastern prefectures gueckedou, macenta, and kissidougou, which border liberia and sierra leone. Annex 3 liberia operational plan for accelerated response to reoccurrence of ebola epidemic. Out of this human calamity has come renewed attention to global health securityits definition, meaning, and the practical implications for programmes and policy. Ebola virus disease in west africa no early end to the outbreak. In the week 14 to 21 june, 12 new confirmed cases were reported. Annex 1 who strategic action plan for ebola outbreak response pdf, 506kb.
Geographic distribution of ebola ebola disease was identified in 2 simultaneous outbreaks in 1976, one in south sudan and one in the democratic republic of the congo. Outbreak of ebola virus disease in west africa european centre for. If an infectious case of evd occurs in an eu member state, secondary transmission cannot be ruled out, e. Evd is an abrupt onset, severe often fatal disease in humans and nonhuman primates, including monkeys.
Igm elisa, antigen detection and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction rtpcr. Ebola virus disease outbreak response plan in west africa pdf, 929kb. The ebola virus disease evd outbreak in west africa is the largest ebola outbreak in terms of numbers of cases recorded 17 942 as of 10 december 2014 and geographical. Statistics sierra leone ssl and icf international 2014 sierra leone demographic and health survey 20. Socioeconomic impact of ebola virus disease in west african. More information on ebola virus disease can be found in the ecdc factsheet for health professionals. Phenomenological and mechanistic models are widely used to assist resource planning for pandemics and emerging infections. The ebola virus disease outbreak in west africa was unprecedented in both its scale and impact. The disease has an incubation period of 2 to 21 days who ebola response team, 2014. Epidemiology of epidemic ebola virus disease in conakry.
At the request of the united states agency for international development usaid, this publication was prepared independently by international business and technical consultants, inc. Ebola virus disease in west africa clinical manifestations. This assessment does not cover the ongoing evd outbreak in the democratic republic of congo or the outbreak of marburg virus disease in uganda. Lessons of risk communication and health promotion west.
The epidemic of ebola virus disease ebola in west africa that began in march 2014 has caused approximately,200 suspected, probable, and confirmed cases, including approximately 6,500 in liberia. The ebola virus that is circulating in west africa is not new. The ebola epidemic that was first recognized in 2014 and ravaged the west africa countries of liberia, sierra leone, and guinea was a stark illustration of the risks that emerging pathogens and epidemicprone diseases pose to local and global health security in settings that had limited public health capacity. Ebola response impact on public health programs, west africa. Since 1976, 25 ebola outbreaks occurred mostly in central africa. Cost of the ebola epidemic centers for disease control and.
Outbreaks of ebola virus disease have occurred in those areas. On the basis of the committees advice and her own assessment of the situation, the who directorgeneral declared the end of the public health emergency of international concern regarding the ebola virus disease outbreak in west africa. Evd was first identified in africa in 1976 2 and since then is estimated to have killed. Cost of the ebola epidemic centers for disease control. After guinea reported an outbreak of ebola virus disease evd in march 2014, evd spread to neighboring sierra leone and liberia in west africa. In this report, potential differences in the burden of illness between male and female persons are investigated. We searched pubmed, embase and scopus databases for relevant english language publications up to december 2015. Socioeconomic impact of ebola virus disease in west. Public health impact of the 20142015 ebola outbreak in. Between december 20 and april 2016, the larg est epidemic of ebola virus disease evd to date generated more than 28,000 cases and. Evaluation of the usaidofda ebola virus disease outbreak response in west africa 20142016.
Ebola resurges in west africa with guinea outbreak phnom. In the past, the ebola virus disease outbreak was in limited geographic areas and on a small scale. Epidemiological update as of 27 june 2015 week 25, who has reported 27 541 confirmed, probable and suspected cases of ebola virus disease evd, including 11 235 deaths, from 10 countries affected by the ebola outbreak in west africa. Ebola virus disease is caused by four of six viruses classified in the genus ebolavirus. Development context and health system capacity before the ebola crisis 3 2. It was soon confirmed to be ebola virus disease, an illness previously seen primarily in central africa. Annex 2 planned response to the ebola virus disease epidemic in guinea pdf, 512kb. Assessing the impact of infectious disease outbreaks on. Ebola virus disease outbreak response plan in west africa a call for action 1. Ebola virus disease, a filovirus, exists naturally non disease causing in animal populations including fruit bats and primates. The scale, duration, and complexity of the ebola virus disease evd outbreak in west africa have underscored the need for prompt and effective implementation of evidencebased containment measures. The ebola virus causes ebola virus disease evd, or sim ply ebola, in humans and. Some countries are still affected by this outbreak, and are struggling to control the epidemic against a backdrop of extreme poverty, weak health systems and social customs that make breaking humantohuman transmission difficult.
Information contained in these slides is constantly changing and updated every friday. Specimens from 15 of 20 persons tested at institut pasteur in lyon, france, were positive for an ebola virus b ebola viral disease outbreak west africa, 2014 mmwr morb mortal wkly rep. Annex 1 who strategic action plan for ebola outbreak response. The 20142015 ebola virus disease evd outbreak was unique in geography and extent, with most of the 28 610 cases and 11 308 deaths, including among healthcare workers hcw, occurring in guinea, liberia and sierra leone. Pdf communitybased care of ebola virus disease in west. Ebola virus disease evd earlier known as ebola hemorrhagic fever is caused by infection with a virus of the family filoviridae, genus ebolavirus. The variety of factors that contributed to the initial undetected spread of ebola virus disease in west africa during 202016 and the difficulty controlling the outbreak once the etiology was identified highlight priorities for disease prevention, detection, and response. Ebola virus disease epidemic west africa, january 2015. The ebola virus has caused substantial illness in west africa during the past 2 years. Ebola response impact on public health programs, west. Within months, ebola would become a global outbreak.
Ebola virus disease among male and female persons in west. We add evidence on the risks of transmission and on hospital infection control, since three healthcare workers having cared for evd patients outside of west africa have become infected. Distribution of ebola virus disease prevalence probability for west africa countries. Pdf ebola virus disease outbreak in west africa muktikesh. These factors include occurrence in a region recovering from civil instability and lacking experience with ebola response. Impact of the ebola virus disease outbreak on market chains and trade of agricultural products in west africa. Ebola virus disease in west africa as a case study wiley online. The cases marked the first known resurgence of ebola in west africa since a 202016 epidemic that killed more than 11,300 people, the worst involving the virus on record. Ebola virus disease west africa, 2014 preparing for and responding to potential cases in nyc new york city department of health and mental hygiene note.
The virus is transmitted by direct contact with bodily fluids of an infected individual. The 2014 ebola virus disease evd outbreak affected several countries worldwide, includ ing six west african countries. The 20142016 ebola outbreak in west africa has ended. The spread of ebola virus disease evd a mysterious disease began silently spreading in a small village in guinea on 26 december 20, but was not identified as ebola until 21 march 2014. The 20142016 ebola virus disease ebola outbreak in west africa was the largest, longest, deadliest and most geographically expansive ebola outbreak since the virus was first discovered in the democratic republic of congo in 1976. Who ebola virus disease outbreak response plan in west. Overview of the magnitude and dimensions of ebola virus disease in west africa 7 2. Public health impact of the 20142015 ebola outbreak in west. After ebola in west africa who world health organization.
A qualitative study to understand how ebola virus disease. As of february 28, 2016, there were 28,639 suspected, probable, and confirmed cases of ebola and 11,316 deaths from ebola during the 2014 epidemic in west africa. The current ebola virus disease evd outbreak ravaging three nations in west africa has affected more than 14,000 persons and killed over 5,000. Rapid risk assessment outbreak of ebola virus disease in west africa, 8 april 2014 3 haemorrhagic manifestations can appear in more than half of the patients bloody diarrhoea, nosebleeds, haematemesis, petechiae, ecchymosis and puncture bleedings. Preparing for ebola virus disease in west african countries. Evaluation of the usaidofda ebola virus disease outbreak. Ebola virus disease west africa, 2014 new york city. Ebola virus disease in west africa the first 9 months of. Rapid risk assessment outbreak of ebola virus disease in west africa, 1 august 2014 2 while travelling. The present epidemic of evd is being regarded as an unprecedented major outbreak of west africa involving liberia, sierra leone, guinea and nigeria.
Socioeconomic impacts of the ebola virus disease on africa. This reality necessitates the invention of novel and communitybased case management strategies. The vaccine is based on the newly published genetic sequence of the 2014 guinea ebola makona strain that is responsible for the 2014 ebola disease epidemic in west africa. Although low, the threat of importing ebola virus disease cannot be excluded. Pdf on jan 8, 2015, christopher dye and others published ebola virus disease in west africa the first 9 months find, read and cite all the. Contact tracing is one of the interventions that have been used to.
Perspectives on west africa ebola virus disease outbreak. Cook, gayla, with jennifer leigh, michael toole, steven hansch, and swati sadaphal. Ebolaviruses are pathogenic agents associated with a severe, potentially fatal, systemic disease in man and great apes. Pdf the ebola virus epidemic burst in west africa in late 20, started in guinea, reached in a few months an alarming diffusion, actually. Ebola virus disease in west africa an unprecedented outbreak. Ebola virus disease in west africa headache, conjunctival injection, chest pain, abdominal pain, arthralgias, myalgias, and hiccups. Recent loss of closed forests is associated with ebola virus.
Since then, the evd outbreak spread over a wide geographic area among these three countries, and became the largest evd epidemic ever with unprecedented numbers of confirmed cases and fatalities. The outbreak of ebola in guinea, liberia and sierra leone is now the largest, longest, most severe and most complex in the nearly four. These questions can be answered with a single word. A case with the above features and liberia, sierra leone and nigeria including a total of 3069 laboratory confirmed diagnostic evidence of ebolavirus cases and 1552 deaths who evd update west africa, infection at a bio safety level3 facility by any one of the 28th august 2014. The disease is spreading quickly, however, because the health systems in the affected countries are illequipped to implement requisite disease containment and surveillance measures. For example, how does a government begin to strengthen its core public health capacities, as demanded by the international health. Ebola in west africa and combi 2 ebola in west africa and combi west africa was greatly affected by the outbreak of ebola virus disease in the year 20142016. Update on ebola virus disease evd in west africa this message is intended for primary care, urgent care, emergency medicine, internal medicine, travel medicine and infectious disease providers. Once the more virulent forms enter the human population, transmission occurs primarily through contact with infected body fluids and can result in major epidemics in underresourced settings. Pdf political conflicts, state collapse and ebola virus. Report for fao reowa resilience, emergencies and rehabilitation in west africa. Exploratory investigation of region level risk factors of.
May 25, 2016 the 20142015 outbreak and spread of ebola virus disease evd, or ebola in west africa became an international public health emergency that, in no small part due to international intervention, abated significantly by the end of 2015 and early 2016. Transmission was centred in the four prefectures of forecariah n5, boke n5, conakry n1. The pdf file you selected should load here if your web browser has a pdf reader plugin installed for example, a recent version of adobe acrobat reader. Who ebola virus disease outbreak response plan in west africa. Impact of the west african ebola virus disease outbreak on. Aug 01, 2014 rapid risk assessment outbreak of ebola virus disease in west africa, 1 august 2014 2 while travelling. Pdf ebola virus disease 202014 outbreak in west africa. Annex 2 planned response to the ebola virus disease epidemic in guinea. Pdf on jan 8, 2015, christopher dye and others published ebola virus disease in west africathe first 9 months find, read and cite all the. Epidemiological update as of 27 june 2015 week 25, who has reported 27 541 confirmed, probable and suspected cases of ebola virus.
That epidemic also began in guinea in the same southeastern region where the new cases have been found. Assessing the socioeconomic impacts of ebola virus disease in guinea, liberia and sierra leone the road to recovery i contents foreword ii acknowledgment iv acronyms and abbreviations v executive summary vi part i. An outbreak of ebola virus disease evd in west africa, with onset in early february 2014, is evolving in guinea and liberia. Visit the ebola outbreak section for information on current ebola outbreaks on march 23, 2014, the world health organization who reported cases of ebola virus disease evd in the forested rural region of southeastern guinea.
The ebola virus disease evd epidemic in west africa has ravaged the social fabric of three countries guinea, liberia, and sierra leone with a death toll of over 11,400 people and over 21,200 cases as of january 15, 2015. Outbreak of ebola virus disease in west africa, fourth update, 3 sep 2014. The current outbreak in west africa is caused by zaire ebolavirus. Ebola virus disease outbreak response plan in west africa. In december 20, a littleknown viral hemorrhagic fever in west africa was detected in a forest region of guinea.
Annex 3 liberia operational plan for accelerated response to reoccurrence of ebola epidemic pdf, 505kb. People become infected with ebola virus through contact with infected wild animals or contact with blood or body fluids urine, feces, saliva, sweat, vomit, breast milk, and semen of infected humans. Of the four disease causing viruses, ebola virus formerly and often still called the zaire ebola virus is dangerous and is the virus responsible for the epidemic in western africa. Feb 25, 2015 prepared by the joint information center, emergency operations center, centers for disease control and prevention key messages ebola virus disease, west africa updated february 25, 2015 newly updated information is indicated in boldblue the centers for disease control and prevention cdc is working with other u. Four species of ebolaviruses have been identified in west or equatorial africa. Infection prevention and control recommendations for hospitalized patients under investigation puis for ebola virus disease evd in u. Mar 30, 2016 the international health regulations 2005 emergency committee regarding ebola virus disease evd in west africa met for a ninth time on 29 march.
Oct 30, 2017 ebola virus disease evd is a zoonosis that causes severe and often fatal haemorrhagic fever in humans 1. Pdf ebola virus disease in west africathe first 9 months. In august 2014 the who declared it a public health emergency of international concern. Ebola virus disease evd is endemic to africa and poses a significant public health threat in the region. Rapid risk assessment outbreak of ebola virus disease in west africa, 12th update, 30 june 2015 3 guinea.
745 427 1779 1294 759 1543 1348 606 811 942 1240 1311 715 446 1397 1193 441 1477 1798 487 425 859 1103 1781 1248 282 208 361 1791 344 22 455 357